Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The investigation compares the conventional, advanced machine, deep, and hybrid learning models to introduce an optimum computational model to assess the ground vibrations during blasting in mining projects.
For the first time, the blackhole-optimized LSTM model has been used to predict the ground vibrations during blasting. Fifteen performance metrics have been implemented to measure the prediction capabilities of computational models. Furthermore, this study reveals that the prediction accuracy of hybrid models is less affected by multicollinearity because of the optimization algorithm. The external cross-validation and literature validation confirm the prediction capabilities of model PPV The ANOVA and Z tests reject the null hypothesis for actual ground vibration, and the AndersonβDarling test rejects the null hypothesis for predicted ground vibration.
This study also concludes that the GPR and LSSVM models overfit because of moderate to problematic multicollinearity in assessing ground vibration during blasting. The detonation of the rock mass during the blasting process causes ground vibration. An explosive charge is inserted into the blast hole in order to explode and shatter rocks. Due to the quick rock acceleration after the blast hole is detonated, significant dynamic stresses are created.
The transmission of strain waves by rock mass results in the generation of a wave motion. These strain waves' strain energy causes the rock mass to break apart through a variety of breakage mechanisms, including crushing, radial cracking, and reflection breakage in the presence of a free face. A volume of rock is permanently distorted inside the crushed zone and radial fracture zone.
Beyond the fragmentation zone, where there is no permanent rock mass deformation due to stress waves, strain waves propagate through the medium as elastic waves, oscillating the particles they pass through 1. Figure 1 depicts the ground vibration during blasting. Ground vibration during blasting 2. Rock blasting is one of the most common and cost-efficient rock excavation techniques in mining and civil engineering projects 3 , 4. Rock blasting is a prominent mining technique for metal and non-metal resources, such as hard rock mining excavations and quarrying.
