It is among the largest and most powerful naval forces in the world recognised as being a blue-water navy. The French Navy is one of eight naval forces currently operating fixed-wing aircraft carriers , [ Note 1 ] with its flagship Charles de Gaulle being the only nuclear-powered aircraft carrier outside the United States Navy , and one of two non-American vessels to use catapults to launch aircraft.
Founded in the 17th century, the French Navy is one of the oldest navies still in continuous service, with precursors dating back to the Middle Ages. It has taken part in key events in French history, including the Napoleonic Wars and both world wars, and played a critical role in establishing and securing the French colonial empire for over years. The French Navy pioneered several innovations in naval technology, including the first steam-powered ship of the line , first seagoing ironclad warship , first mechanically propelled submarine , first steel-hulled warship, and first armoured cruiser.
As of , the French Navy employed 44, personnel 37, military and 7, civilian , more than ships, aircraft, and six commandos units; [ 9 ] as of , its reserve element numbered roughly 48, It operates a wide range of fighting vessels, including various aeronaval forces, attack and ballistic missile submarines , frigates , patrol boats and support ships, with aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle serving as the centerpiece of most expeditionary forces. The history of French naval power dates back to the Middle Ages , and had three loci of evolution:.
Institutionally, however, the navy has never lost its short familiar nickname, la Royale. The original symbol of the French Navy was a golden anchor , which, beginning in , was interlaced by a sailing rope ; this symbol was featured on all naval vessels, arms, and uniforms. Cardinal Richelieu personally supervised the Navy until his death in The s opened with the War of the Spanish Succession , over a decade long, followed by the War of the Austrian Succession in the s.
Principal engagements of these wars include the Battle of Vigo Bay and two separate Battles of Cape Finisterre in The most grueling conflict for the Navy, however, was the Seven Years' War , in which it was virtually destroyed. The Navy regrouped and rebuilt, and within 15 years it was eager to join the fray when France intervened in the American Revolutionary War.
