Italy—Spain relations are the interstate relations between Italy and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations some time after the unification of Italy in The Romans introduced the Vulgar Latin , the ancestor of the Romance languages , [ 1 ] which are spoken in both current-day countries of Italy and Spain. As a result of the conquest, mining extractive processes in the southwest of the peninsula which required a massive number of forced laborers, initially from Hispania and latter also from the Gallic borderlands and other locations of the Mediterranean , increased by leaps and bounds, bringing the interaction of slaving and ecocide , entailing far-reaching environmental outcome in terms of pollution records, unmatched in the Mediterranean region until the Industrial Revolution.
The Rome-based Latin Church would go on to hold nonetheless substantial clout over Christian polities of the Peninsula for the rest of the middle ages. After , the Kingdom of Sicily , the Kingdom of Naples , and the Duchy of Milan under the Catholic Monarchy hitherto ruled by the Council of Aragon became ruled by the newly created Council of Italy , [ 4 ] as a cog of the polysynodial system underpinning the administration of the Habsburg empire , a composite monarchy.
The Kingdom of Sardinia remained for the time being ruled by the Council of Aragon. Despite some incipient attempts to promote further understanding between the two countries, immediately after the end of World War I , there were still issues restraining further Italian-Spanish engagement in Spain.
This includes a sector of public opinion showing aversion towards Italy ; a prominent example being Austria -born Queen Mother Maria Christina. While showing a will for friendship and rapprochement, the "Treaty for Conciliation and Arbitration" signed in August between the two countries delivered limited substance in practical terms, compared to the expectations at the starting point of the Primorriverista dictatorship.
A diplomatic "honeymoon" between the two regimes followed the signing of the treaty, nonetheless. The early monarchist conspirations against the Second Spanish Republic enjoyed support from Mussolini. After 18 July and the beginning of the Spanish Civil War , Mussolini changed the strategy and intervened on the side of the Rebel faction. Between and , according to the historian Rodrigo Javier, "the Italians were crucial to the success of the Rebel army Italian submarines carried out a campaign against Republican ships, also targeting Mediterranean ports together with surface ships.
