Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Despite this burden of disease, heterosexual anal intercourse HAI has rarely been considered. We performed a systematic review of HAI in PNG as reported in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications for the period —May The search strategy identified publications.
After screening by geographical location, topic and methodology, we identified 23 publications for full text review, following which 13 publications were included in the final review. Inconsistency in key questions on HAI made it impossible to conduct a meta-analysis. The data available on HAI shows that it is practiced in all geographical areas and among all populations.
(mh=LEhz0ZaQB-PO_W9U)10.jpg "Anal Girl Port Moresby")
Condom use during HAI was consistently low. Irrespective of whether penile-anal intercourse is occurring between a male and a female or two males, penile-anal intercourse is associated with greater risk of HIV transmission than penile-vaginal intercourse [ 1 - 7 ]. The risk of transmission during unprotected anal intercourse has been estimated to be 10 times greater than during unprotected vaginal intercourse [ 8 - 10 ].
Some estimates suggest the risk could be as high as fold [ 11 ]. While some caution is required for pooled transmission probabilities, it is clear that unprotected HAI poses greater risk for females than does vaginal intercourse [ 7 ].
In heterosexually driven epidemics, HIV transmission is often presumed synonymous with vaginal intercourse, as there is no distinction between risk behaviours [ 12 ]. Despite the higher transmission risk of HIV from males to females during anal intercourse, behavioural surveys rarely acknowledge HAI.
