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If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To examine sex-specific differences in renal cell carcinoma RCC in relation to abdominal fat accumulation, psoas muscle density, tumor size, pathology, and survival, and to evaluate possible associations with RCC characteristics and outcome.
A total of patients with RCC who underwent nephrectomy between and were included in this retrospective study. Specific characteristics of RCC patients were collected, including sex, height, tumor size, grade, and data on patient survival, if available. Abdominal fat measurements and psoas muscle area were determined at the level of L3 cm 2.
Logistic regression analysis showed an association between higher psoas muscle index and lower grade tumors [women: odds ratio OR 0. Univariate regression analysis demonstrated an association between psoas muscle index and overall survival women: OR 1. In contrast, there were no associations between abdominal fat measurements and tumor size, grade, or survival. Also, there were no sex-specific differences in tumor size or tumor grades.
A higher preoperative psoas muscle index was independently associated with overall survival in RCC patients, with a stronger association in men compared with women. In addition, the psoas muscle index showed an inverse association with tumor grade, whereby this association was slightly more pronounced in women than in men. Sex differences in renal cell carcinoma RCC may be due to a combination of genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and epigenetic factors.
