Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between residential greenness, air pollution PM 2. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to investigate the associations between residential greenness, air pollution, and visual impairment.
Furthermore, we investigated the potential modification and mediation relationship between residential greenness, air pollution and visual impairment. A total of 9, participants were included in this study.
In the single exposure model, a higher level of residential greenness was associated with a significantly reduced risk of both DVI and NVI. Specifically, for every 0. The multiple exposure model also showed significant association between residential greenness, air pollution and visual impairment risk. Additionally, the adverse effects of PM 2. Mediation analysis revealed that air pollution mediated a significant portion of the association between residential greenness and visual impairment.
This study suggests that increased residential greenness may reduce the risk of visual impairment, partially by mitigating air pollution exposure. These findings highlight the environmental benefits to improve air quality and enhance green spaces, thereby promoting visual health in aging populations. Visual impairment, including distance visual impairment DVI and near visual impairment NVI , is a significant health problem worldwide.
In China, the estimated number of people with visual impairment is almost 60 million [ 2 ]. Visual impairment significantly affects the quality of life of those affected and has far-reaching consequences that go beyond the loss of sight. Visual impairment can lead to social isolation and higher rates of depression and anxiety in adults, as well as an increased risk of accidents, injuries, and the need for long-term care in older adults [ 3 , 4 ].
