Introduction: Homelessness among women of reproductive age is a global problem. Methods: This photovoice study draws on photos, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. A total of 80 photos were taken, and 40 were chosen to be discussed in interviews and further focus group discussions. The participating women selected photographs, explained their significance, and codified them based on how they related to their lives.
Data from these discussions were then analysed using a reflexive thematic approach. Results: Four themes were developed from the data: a deprivation of basic needs; b experiencing dependency, shame, and seclusion while dealing with the burden of street life; c the vulnerability and neglect of children; and d being resilient to harsh conditions. Participants provided suggestions for change and confirmed their belief that adequate housing represents one of the most urgent unmet basic needs of people experiencing homelessness.
They also emphasised the critical need for employment opportunities, non-discriminatory provision of social support, treatment programs for substance misuse, and legal and social protection.
Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding how women experiencing homelessness describe and articulate their living circumstances and what they perceive needs to be addressed. Although defining and quantifying homelessness remains a challenging task, estimates suggest that approximately 2 percent of the global population is homeless, with street homelessness among women on the rise, mirroring the trend among men 3 , 4.
The inability to provide essential services, safety, and security for these people is a violation of human rights 1 and of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights ICESR 5 , which countries, including Ethiopia, have signed.
